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I think that Alan Paton tends to side with John Kumalo and the political approach to social reform. In chapter 8, Kumalo and Msimangu are prevented from riding the bus because there is a boycott in progress. This shows that people who fight for social reform through politics are actually fighting for it, unlike the white churches in chapter 12. The white churches in chapter 12 do nothing but complain about their present circumstances and talk about ways to get more protection from crime for themselves. Through these comparisons of who is doing what to bring about social reform, Alan

Paton shows that social reform is better achieved through political activism than reliance on a church hierarchy.